Dual Language Immersion (DLI)

Dual Language Immersion (DLI) is an educational program model in which students learn academic content and develop proficiency in two languages over an extended period of time. DLI programs are designed to foster high levels of bilingualism and biliteracy, academic achievement, and intercultural competence. Through sustained instruction in both the partner language and English, students gain the skills needed to communicate effectively across languages and cultures while meeting rigorous academic standards. DLI programs can serve a variety of learner populations and may be implemented through one-way, two-way, or developmental bilingual models depending on local goals and community needs.

Research consistently demonstrates that high-quality Dual Language Immersion programs support language development, academic success, and long-term benefits for multilingual learners and native English speakers alike. As states, districts, and schools seek to expand language learning opportunities, DLI remains one of the most effective approaches for preparing students to thrive in a multilingual and globally connected world.

Dual Language Immersion Program Models

While program designs vary based on local needs and goals, the most common Dual Language Immersion (DLI) models include:

• One-Way Immersion: Serves primarily students from a single language background, with instruction delivered in both English and a partner language.

• Two-Way Immersion (Two-Way Bilingual Immersion): Integrates native speakers of English and native speakers of the partner language in the same classroom, providing opportunities for students to learn from and with one another.

• Developmental Bilingual Education: Supports multilingual learners in developing proficiency and literacy in both their home language and English over an extended period of time.

• 50/50 Model: Instruction is delivered approximately 50 percent of the time in English and 50 percent in the partner language.

• 90/10 Model: Instruction begins with approximately 90 percent of instructional time in the partner language and gradually transitions to a 50/50 balance as students progress through the program.

Key Goals of Dual Language Immersion

High-quality DLI programs are designed to achieve the following goals:

• Bilingualism and Biliteracy: Develop students’ ability to communicate effectively and achieve literacy in two languages.

• Academic Achievement: Ensure students meet rigorous academic standards and succeed across content areas.

• Intercultural Competence: Foster understanding, appreciation, and effective interaction across cultures and perspectives.

• Equity and Access: Expand opportunities for all learners to develop multilingual skills and participate in a globally connected society.

• College, Career, and Community Readiness: Prepare students with the linguistic and intercultural skills needed for success in higher education, the workforce, and civic life.

Implementation Considerations

Successful DLI programs require thoughtful planning, sustained commitment, and ongoing collaboration among educators, families, and community stakeholders.

• Clearly defined program goals and pathways for student participation.

• Strong administrative leadership and long-term commitment.

• Qualified bilingual educators and ongoing professional learning.

• Standards-aligned curriculum and instructional resources in both languages.

• Family and community engagement that supports bilingualism and biliteracy.

• Assessment systems that measure language proficiency, academic achievement, and program outcomes.

• Articulation across grade levels to ensure sustained language development.